Briefly discuss the factors affecting soil erosion. Write down the agronomic measures for soil conservation. (10M, CSE 2024)
Describe the causes of soil erosion in brief. (8M, IFoS-2023)
Explain the fundamental principles of soil conservation. Discuss the types and role of mulching in soil conservation. (10M, IFoS-2019)
Agronomic manipulation for preventing soil erosion (10M, CSE 2019)
What soil and water conservation practices are required to be adopted under hilly regions? (10M, IFoS-2018)
Enumerate the agronomic measures for soil and water conservation and practices adopted by the farmers. (10M, 200W, IFoS-2017)
Explain management of wasteland for promoting agricultural production. (10M, 200W, IFoS-2017)
A lot of silting is taking place in Indian sea due to soil erosion. What is soil erosion? Explain the agronomic measures to be adopted for conservation of soil. (10M, IFoS-2014)
What do you mean by water and wind erosion? Write the mechanism and factors affecting them. Suggest measures for soil and water conservation. (60M, CSE 2004)
What do you understand by soil and water conservation? Describe the situations under which these are considered essential. Suggest suitable soil and water conservation practices under levelled field conditions. (60M, CSE 1996)
Contour bunding vs. Terracing (200W, CSE 1992)
Bench terracing. (200W, CSE 1991)
Classification of soil and water conservation measure (200W, CSE 1989)
Integrated watershed management
Write down the principals involved in Integrated Watershed Management. Briefly discuss the relevance of Integrated Watershed Management under climate change scenario. (10M, CSE 2024)
Elaborate different in situ water conservation techniques by appropriate land configurations. (15M, IFoS 2023)
Discuss role of integrated watershed management in rainfed Agriculture. (10M CSE 2023)
What do you mean by integrated watershed management and what is its significance in dry land agriculture? (20M, CSE 2017)
Explain various soil conservation methods and integrated watershed management approach. What is soil erosion Discuss the methods of managing soil erosion. (20M, CSE 2016)
Why is watershed management important in dry land agriculture? (10M, 150W, CSE 2015)
How does run off management in watershed help water harvesting and its reuse, and also nutrient soil loss reduction in hilly area? (10M, IFoS-2015)
Briefly discuss about runoff harvesting and recycling on watershed basis. (15M, 200W, CSE 2012)
Explain integrated watershed management as a hydrological unit. Describe the principles and objectives of watershed management. Describe the benefits and causes o deterioration of watershed. (30M, CSE 2011)
Integrated Watershed Management and its importance. (15M, CSE 2008)
Describe the principles and limitations of dry land farming. Suggest suitable technologies based on watershed management to enhance crop production under such conditions (60M, CSE 2006)
Short notes Watershed management (20M, 200W, CSE 2004, 1997)
How can stability of production be achieved in dry land agriculture to meet the food grain requirement of increasing population in India? Explain the watershed approach considering a major solution to the problem. (60M, CSE 1994)
Define water shed, basin and catchment. What are the factors and steps involved in water shed management? (CSE 1992)
Soil erosion and its management
Discuss the ways and means of minimising erosion for conserving soil. (10M 150W CSE 2023)
Write down the consequences of soil erosion on our environment. Enlist the various agronomic measures for soil and water conservation and specify the role of cropping systems in controlling soil runoff and erosion. (8M, IFoS-2022)
Contour bunding and Graded bunding. (10M, CSE 2022)
Define soil erosion and its different forms. Explain agronomic and mechanical measures to reduce the adverse effect of soil erosion in crop production. (20M, CSE 2021)
Write a short note on contour bunding to prevent soil erosion. (10M, IFoS 2021)
Enlist and discuss the types of soil erosion and water conservation management option in Indian perspective. (10M, IFoS 2020)
Explain the conditions which lead to wind erosion. Discuss the differences between wind breaks and shelter belts measures of controlling wind erosion. (10M, IFoS-2019)
Define runoff, give factors affecting it and explain soil loss equation during water erosion. (10M, IFoS-2018)
Describe Soil erosion and its management (10M, CSE 2017)
Justify the plant ecology and edaphic factors influencing sustainable agriculture. (8M, 150W, IFoS 2017)
Define Land Degradation and discuss the major factor affecting it. (10M, 200W, IFoS-2017)
How can we manage erosion and run-off in valley land? (8M, 150W, IFoS-2016)
Explain various soil conservation methods and integrated watershed management approach. What is soil erosion Discuss the methods of managing soil erosion. (20M, CSE 2016)
How is soil erosion caused? (10M, CSE 2015)
Enumerate the factors influencing soil erosion. Classify and discuss briefly various type of erosion. (10M, CSE 2013)
Describe the factors responsible for soil erosion and agronomic measures to control it. (15M, CSE 2012)
Differentiate Sheet erosion and rill erosion. (10M, CSE 2011)
What are the management strategies for tacking the major soil-related constraints in agricultural production?(30M, CSE 2010)
Soil erosion and its effective and economic management. (200W, 20M, CSE 2008)
Short notes on Accelerated erosion (20M, CSE 2006)
Short notes on Wind Erosion (20M, CSE 2002)
What is water erosion? Write its mechanism, soil loss equation and control measures. (60M, CSE 2000)
Dry land agriculture and its problems
1Differentiate between rainfed and dryland agriculture. technological approaches for improving rop productivity under dryland. (15M, IFoS-2023)
Discuss the effects of abiotic stresses on agricultural production. (8M, IFoS-2023)
Elaborate on the various problems encountered in agricultural production at dryland areas of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh and Deccan plateau of Andhra Pradesh. Also Explain the probable solutions to minimise the problems. (20M CSE 2023)
Explain major constraints of dryland areas. Describe various soil moisture conservation practices and contingent crop plan in dryland areas for sustaining crop productivity. (15M, IFoS-2022)
Narrate various components of contingent crop planning in dry land agriculture. (20M, CSE 2022)
Enlist the problems of dryland agriculture and describe soil constraints in detail. (10M, IFoS 2021)
Differentiate between Dry land farming and Irrigated farming (CSE 2020)
What is contingent crop planning? How it helps in dry land agriculture. (10M, CSE 2020)
Describe Contingency planning in dry land rain fed agriculture. (10M, CSE 2018)
Discuss how contingent crop planning helps in dryland agriculture. (10M, IFoS-2018)
What do you mean by integrated watershed management and what is its significance in dry land agriculture? (20M, CSE 2017)
Describe Problems of dry land agriculture (10M, CSE 2017)
Why is watershed management important in dry land agriculture? (10M, CSE 2015)
Productivity of dry-land agriculture needs research emphasis on integrated approach, involving management of soil, plant and environment. (10M, IFoS-2015)
What is contingent crop planning? How it helps in dryland agriculture? (10M, IFoS-2014)
Problems of dryland agriculture and measures to overcome them. (15M, 2008)
Moisture conservation practices in rainfed agriculture. (200W, 20M, CSE 2008)
Describe the principles and limitations of dry land farming. Suggest suitable technologies based on watershed management to enhance crop production under such conditions (60M, CSE 2006)
Differentiate dry land agriculture from rainfed agriculture. Suggest soil and water conservation measures and management practices to improve productivity in dry land areas (60M, CSE 2003)
Write the role of dry land agriculture and its problems. Briefly describe the suitable technologies for increasing and stabilising agricultural production from such areas on watershed basis. (60M, CSE 2002)
Short critical on notes Technology for Dry Land Agriculture. (20M, CSE 1999)
Define dry land agriculture. Discuss the agro-techniques for stabilizing production under such condition. (60M, CSE 1997)
Explain the climatic and edaphic factors that form the constraints associated with dry land agriculture. Describe the measures which will help in the reduction of runoff and increase the infiltration of water in soil. (60M, CSE 1996)
How can stability of production be achieved in dry land agriculture to meet the food grain requirement of increasing population in India? Explain the watershed approach considering a major solution to the problem. (60M, CSE 1994)
Soil drought Vs atmospheric drought (200W, CSE 1993)
Is there any difference between dryland and rainfed agriculture? What are the major steps required for successful and sustainable rainfed agriculture? (CSE 1992)
Dry land farming is said to be a gamble with monsoon. Discuss briefly and suggest measures to reduce the risk and stabilize agricultural production in dry land farming. (CSE 1989)
Technology for stabilizing agriculture production in rain fed areas
Briefly discuss the crop management practices for stabilising yield in dryland areas. Enlist the crops with their characteristics suitable for dryland agriculture. (20M, CSE 2024)
Describe the various means for sustaining crop production with available water resources. (8M, IFoS 2022)
Technologies and policies for sustained crop production in rainfed agriculture. (10M, 150W, CSE 2021)
Describe technological options for stabilizing agricultural production in rainfed areas. (8M, IFoS 2021)
Discuss about contingent planning for rainfed farming. (10M, IFoS 2020)
What is rainfed farming? Discuss the technologies for stabilizing agriculture production in rainfed areas. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2018)
Describe Dryland technology and rainfed agriculture for stabilizing production. (10M, 200W, IFoS 2017)
Differentiate between rain fed and irrigated agriculture. List out the major problems of rain fed agriculture. Describe the various soil moisture conservation measures to boost crop production in rain fed farming. (20M, CSE 2016)
Polyhouse technology and its impact on farmers’ prosperity. (10M, 200W, IFoS-2016)
It is said that 80 percent production is from 20 irrigated land and 20 percent production is from 80 percent rainfed land in India. Describe the technology for stabilizing agricultural production in rainfed areas where great scope of production exists. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2014)
What are the various water conservation practices that can be used in rain fed agriculture? (20M, CSE 2010)
Short notes on Mulching and Cover Crops (20M, CSE 2009)
Differentiate dry land agriculture from rain fed agriculture. Suggest soil and water conservation measures and management practices to improve productivity in dry land areas (60M, CSE 2003)
Short notes on Agro-techniques for stabilising crop production in rain fed conditions (20M, CSE 2001)
Describe the technological changes required for stability of crop production under rainfed agriculture. Also explain measures to be adopted to achieve the food production by 2000 A.D. (CSE 1995)
Alternate land use systems for rainfed land. (200W, CSE 1991)
Discuss, the ten major approaches for boosting food grain production in rainfed lands. (CSE 1991)
Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production
Explain the term water use efficiency in relation to crop production. Discuss the role of pressurised irrigation methods to achieve the objectives of more crop per drop programme. (20M, CSE 2024)
It is proposed to give four (4) irrigations to six (6) hectare area of wheat crop. irrigation is 60mm, which will be given with a pump of discharge @ 5 litre/second. Find out theduration (in days) of pump operation to discharge the required quantity of water. (10M, CSE 2024)
Enlist and explain the approaches to increase water-use efficiency in crop fields. (10M, IFoS-2023)
Enlist the factors for conserving moisture and improving the productivty of soiland describe the vegetative cover factor in detail. (10M, IFoS 2021)
Discuss the measures to enhance water-use efficiency and water productivity in agriculture. (8M, IFoS 2020)
Define water use efficiency and water productivity. List the crops having high and low water use efficiency. (10M, 150 W, CSE 2020)
Describe precise water saving irrigation practices to enhance water use efficiency. (10M, CSE 2018)
Define and explain consumptive use of water, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency. (8M, 150W, IFoS 2018)
Discuss the role of Drip/Sprinkler irrigation system in increasing water use efficiency and productivity. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2017)
What are different techniques used for increasing water use efficiency in relation to crop production? (20M, CSE 2017)
Why irrigation water resources are shrinking? Discuss the ways of water conservation. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2015)
How to increase water absorption and retention capacity of soil? (10M, CSE 2014)
Differentiate Water distribution efficiency and Water use efficiency in agriculture (15M, CSE 2012)
Differentiate Water-use Efficiency and Irrigation Efficiency (10M, CSE 2009)
What is water use efficiency? Enlist the factors affecting water use efficiency. Suggest measures to increase water use efficiency in crops (60M, CSE 2003)
Critical notes on Water use efficiency (20M, CSE 1994)
Criteria for scheduling irrigations
Explain the term irrigation scheduling. Elaborate the criteria IW/CPE ratio of irrigation scheduling along with its merits and demerits. (10M, CSE 2024)
Describe the criteria for scheduling irrigation in details. (15M, IFoS- 2021)
What is scheduling irrigation in crop? What are the important factors considered while deciding irrigation schedules for different regions and crops? (20M, CSE 2020)
Discuss the effective scheduling of irrigation of wheat under normal and limited water condition. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2019)
It is proposed to test the relative efficiency of scheduling irrigation to groundnut at 25%, 50% and 75% depletion of available soil moisture. Field capacity of soil in the effective root zone depth of 60 cm is 16% with a permanent wilting point of 6%. At what respective soil moisture contents, irrigations are to be scheduled with three irrigations? (10M, CSE 2018)
Specify the criteria for time of irrigation. (10M, IFoS-2018)
List out the approaches for scheduling of irrigation (10M, CSE 2018)
Discuss the significance of quality of irrigation water and rain-water harvesting for crop productivity. Describe how irrigation is scheduled in the critical stage of crop growth. (20M, CSE 2016)
Justify that scheduling of irrigation depends on crop and availability of water. (10M, IFoS-2015)
What is scheduling of irrigation? What are different approaches of scheduling of crops? (10M, IFoS-2014)
What are the scientific irrigation scheduling criteria? What is critical stage approach for scheduling irrigation? (10M, CSE 2013)
Short notes on Importance of available soil moisture in irrigation water management. (15M, CSE 2011)
What is permanent wilting point (PWP)? Describe surge-flow irrigation. (15M, CSE 2012)
Explain Criteria of scheduling irrigation. (15M, CSE 2011)
Short notes Scheduling Irrigation (20M, 200W, CSE 2009)
Differentiate Field Capacity and Water-holding Capacity (10M, CSE 2009)
Differentiate Water Requirement and Irrigation Requirement (10M, CSE 2009)
Short notes Scheduling irrigation (20M, CSE 2006)
Discuss the criteria for scheduling irrigation in field crops. Give their merits and demerits also. (60M, CSE 2002)
Discuss the different approaches of scheduling, irrigation in field crops. Give your opinion about the scope of: Drip and Sprinkler irrigation in field crops. (60M, CSE 2001)
Short notes on Soil moisture depletion approach. (20M, CSE 1997)
Suggest various approaches of scheduling irrigation in field crops and select the most appropriate one with reasoning. Describe one of the approaches for scheduling irrigation in cereal crops (60M, CSE 1996)
Discuss the sources of water logging and its effect on soil physical conditions. Explain the techniques of scheduling irrigation in field crops. (CSE 1995)
Water requirement of crop (200W, CSE 1993)
Evapotranspiration. (200W, CSE 1992)
What are the strategies for meeting irrigation water shortage and using the available irrigation water efficiently? (CSE 1989)
Ways and means of reducing runoff losses of irrigation water
What are the major aims of irrigation? Discuss the different types of irrigation efficiencies which are used in adjusting the most efficient irrigation methods. (10M 150W CSE 2023)
Explain run-off losses of irrigation water and their management. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2016)
What are the various irrigation systems followed in crop production? Describe the merits and demerits of the system you prefer the most. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2016)
What is the basis of classification of water for irrigation? (10M, 200W, IFoS-2016)
The ground water in India is depleting year after year. In this background, discuss the requirement of water for crops with basic principles of irrigation. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2014)
Short notes on Minimizing run-off losses of irrigation water (12M, CSE 2010)
Short notes on Water harvesting and run-off recycling (20M, CSE 2003)
What is water erosion? Write its mechanism, soil loss equation and control measures. (60M, CSE 2000)
What is water erosion? Write its mechanism and factors affecting water erosion. Suggest proper agronomic measures for soil and water conservation. (60M, CSE 1994)
How may excess soil water conditions develop in agricultural land? Discuss the effects of excess soil water conditions on crop growth. Suggest suitable measures including selection of crops and cropping system under excess soil water conditions. (CSE 1993)
Rainwater harvesting
Rain water harvesting and Watershed Management. (10M, CSE 2022)
What is irrigation potential of India and how can it be increased through rain-water harvesting? (20M, CSE 2021)
Define water harvesting along with different methods of water harvesting in India. what are government initiatives to promote rain water harvesting. (20M, CSE 2020)
Give an elaborate account of agronomic measures of watershed management. (20M, CSE 2019)
Discuss the importance and method of water harvesting under different agro-ecosystems. (20M, CSE 2018)
Discuss the significance of quality of irrigation water and rain-water harvesting for crop productivity. Describe how irrigation is scheduled in the critical stage of crop growth. (20M, CSE 2016)
What is water harvesting? Discuss different methods of water harvesting and government initiatives to promote it. (10M, IFoS-2014)
Write a note on rain water harvesting and recharge of ground water. (10M, CSE 2014)
What is water harvesting? Why in modern-day agriculture is it becoming increasingly significant? (12M, CSE 2012)
Bring out the geographic status of groundwater availability in India. (15M, CSE 2010)
Drip and sprinkler irrigation
Describe water saving approaches employed in pressurized irrigation systems. Enlist the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. (15M, IFoS-2022)
Discuss about Micro-Irrigation Systems and their advantages in Indian Agriculture. (20M, CSE 2022)
How to improve drainage of waterlogged areas? Discuss the advantages and limitations of drip and sprinkler irrigation methods? (20M, CSE 2021)
Describe the types of sprinkler irrigation system. (8M, IFoS 2021)
Differentiate Between Fertigation and Herbigation (CSE 2020)
What are the components of drip irrigation system? Enumerate the benefits of drip- fertigation (20M, 200W, CSE 2019)
What are drip and sprinkler irrigation? Give their merits and demerits. (10M, IFoS-2018)
Describe Fertigation vs Herbigation (10M, CSE 2016)
How do micro irrigation methods help in improving water use efficiency, reduction in nutrient loss, soil conservation and fertigation? (10M, IFoS-2015)
Explain the fertigation giving its merits. Give suitable fertilizer of major nutrients used in fertigation through micro-irrigation (30M, CSE 2011)
Enumerate fertigation equipments along with their merits and demerits (30M, CSE 2011)
Short notes on Surface and sub-surface drip irrigation (15M, CSE 2011)
What is micro-irrigation and what are its advantages compared to conventional methods of irrigation?Describe the important micro-irrigation systems with respect to their pros and cons, the precautions in their use and the cropping situations. (60M, CSE 2009)
Short notes on Sprinkler irrigation system (20M, CSE 2005)
Discuss the different approaches of scheduling irrigation in field crops. Give your opinion about the scope of: Drip and sprinkler irrigation in field crops. (60M, CSE 2001)
Short critical notes on Drip Irrigation (20M, CSE 1999)
Discuss systems and methods of irrigation in Indian agriculture. (60M, CSE 1998)
Drip irrigation. (200W, CSE 1991)
Drainage of waterlogged soils
Discuss the causes of water logging and its effects on crop production. (10M CSE 2023)
What are the harmful effects of poor drainage on plants? (8M, IFoS-2023)
Write the causes of waterlogging. Describe in brief about system of surface drainage. (15M, IFoS 2021)
Discuss in detail the drainage methods in water-logged soil. (8M, IFoS 2020)
What are problems of waterlogged soils for crop production? Give suitable measures for its management. (10M, IFoS-2019)
Bio-drainage and it’s limitation. (10M, CSE 2019)
How is drainage important? Explain its types. (10M, IFoS-2018)
Describe different measures to improve the drainage of water-logged soils to increase soil fertility and crop productivity. (20M, CSE 2017)
How is plat growth affected by water-logging conditions? Suggest suitable measures to improve crop productivity under these situations. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2016)
What are various drainage systems? Discuss their benefits. (10M, CSE 2014)
Differentiate Bio-drainage and Horizontal drainage (15M, CSE 2012)
Explain Problems of waterlogged soils. (15M, CSE 2011)
What are the causes of water logging in our country? How are the soil and crop productivity affected by it?Suggest methods of prevention to enhance agricultural production. (60M, CSE 2005)
Short critical notes Drainage (20M, CSE 1998)
Short notes Water logging (20M, CSE 1997)
Quality of irrigation water
Discuss management practices for improving the crop yield potential in regions where poor-quality water is available for irrigation. (20M CSE 2023)
Enlist the different risks associated with poor quality irrigation water. Discuss the management practices for effective application of brackish water in crop production. (10M, IFoS-2022)
Discuss the various parameters of quality of irrigation water. Write irrigation scheduling for pulses cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. (20M, CSE 2022)
Parameters for determination of quality of irrigation water. (10M, 150W, CSE 2021)
Enlist different hazards associated with irrigation water quality and discuss the management practices for efficient use of saline water for irrigation. (15M, IFoS 2021)
What are the advantages of good quality of the irrigation water? Mention its significance. (10M, IFoS 2020)
Discuss the significance of quality of irrigation water and rain-water harvesting for crop productivity. Describe how irrigation is scheduled in the critical stage of crop growth. (20M, CSE 2016)
What is water quality classification? (15M, CSE 2012)
Short notes on Quality of irrigation water (10M, CSE 2013)
Short notes on Quality of irrigation water (20M, CSE 2004)
Effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution
Illustrate with examples the effect of water and soil pollution on agro-ecosystem. (10M, IFoS 2020)
What are the consequences of direct use of industrial effluents on human health? (10M, IFoS-2019)
Effect of agricultural inputs on soil pollution (10M, CSE 2019)
What are the different sources of soil and water pollutions? Describe the impact of soil and water pollution on crop productivity and environment. (20M, CSE 2018)
Explain the current water pollution issues in agriculture with suitable remedies. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2017)
How are soil and water polluted by industrial effluents? What are the strategies to minimise this problem?(20M, CSE 2017)
Explain how industrial effluents affect soil and water pollution. What measures can be taken to reduce this impact? (20M, CSE 2016)
Discuss the impact or row sewage water on quality of vegetables and soil health. (10M, IFoS-2015)
How does industrial effluent affect soil and water? Enumerate the methods of effluent management in agriculture. (20M, CSE 2014)
What are the causes of soil degradation and pollution? What measures may be adopted to control soil pollution? (15M, CSE 2013)
Describe the hazards arising out of water quality (15M, CSE 2012)
Short notes on Principles of treatment of industrial effluent for irrigation purpose (15M, CSE 2011)
Short notes on Management of industrial effluents in checking soil and water pollution (12M, CSE 2010)
Short notes on Soil pollution (20M, CSE 2007, 1997)
Irrigation projects in India
Discuss the changes in irrigated area through different sources of irrigation in India since independence. Classify the irrigation projects based on cultivable command area, purpose served and financial return. (20M, CSE 2024)
Discuss the efforts of the Government of India for extension, renovation and modernization of irrigation projects. (10M 150W CSE 2023)
