UPSC Agriculture Ecnomics Previous Year Questions (PYQs) – Year Wise & Topic Wise

Agriculture Ecnomics

Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning.

  1. Briefly discuss the decisions involved in Farm management. Write down the principles applied in Farm management. (20M, CSE 2024)
  2. Describe the farm management decisions (organizational, administrative and marketing management decisions) to be made by the farmer as a manager of his farm business. (15M, IFoS-2023)
  3. Why should a farmer maintain farm records? Enlist the records to be maintained by the farmer. (8M, IFoS-2023)
  4. Discuss the role of farm mechanization and custom hiring centres on farm production and profitability. (15M, IFoS-2022)
  5. Discuss the characteristics of a good farm plan in context of Indian agriculture situation. (8M, IFoS-2022)
  6. Describe the procedure of making successful farm plan. Write the characteristics of good farm planning. (20M, CSE 2022)
  7. Explain the assumptions and steps for developing an optimum resource use plan using Linear Programming (LP) with suitable examples. (15M, IFoS-2022)
  8. Enumerate the ways and means of how farm planning helps the cultivators to bring efficiency in
    farming. (8M, IFoS 2021)
  9. Enlist the effect of farm mechanization on rural employment in India. (10M, IFoS 2020)
  10. What is farm planning? Enlist the characteristics of good farm plan. Explain the techniques of farm
    planning. (8M, IFoS 2020)
  11. What are the importance and characteristics of farm planning? (15M, IFoS-2019)
  12. What do you understand by custom hiring effluents on benefits with reference to small and marginal
    farmers? (15M, IFoS-2019)
  13. Discuss the significance of advance farm planning for optimum use of resources. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2018)
  14. What is selective mechanization and progress of farm mechanization? Explain advantages and
    disadvantages of farm mechanization. (10M, IFoS-2018)
  15. What are the characteristics of a good farm plan? What techniques will you adopt to solve the farm
    management problems? (10M, CSE 2018)
  16. What is programme planning? Explain its evaluation. (10M, IFoS-2018)
  17. Discuss the importance of farm management and its scope, with characteristics. (10M, IFoS-2018)
  18. What are the various farm management tools used in farm planning? (10M, CSE 2017)
  19. What is the need of farm mechanization in the present situation? (200W, 10M, IFoS-2016)
  20. Mention the benefits of advance planning in agriculture. (200W, 10M, IFoS-2016)
  21. What are the important principles of farm management? (10M, CSE2016)
  22. Describe Farm planning and Farm management (10M, CSE 2016)
  23. Discuss the elements of farm planning, stage of farm planning and basic steps of farm planning to
    maximize net income. (10M, IFoS-2015)
  24. Discuss the farm management problems in the Indian context. (10M, CSE 2015)
  25. Discuss the role of improved farm implements in improving efficiency of agricultural operations.
    (10M, IFoS-2015)
  26. What is farm planning? Whether Indian farmers use farm planning? Discuss the steps and objectives
    of farm planning. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2014)
  27. What is farm management? Enumerate major farm problems under Indian conditions. (8M, 150W,
    IFoS-2014)
  28. Explain various farm management tools in farm planning. (10M, CSE 2014)
  29. Enumerate the procedures in developing farm plan and budget. (10M, CSE 2014)
  30. There is huge wastage of fruits and vegetables every year in India. Explain the possible reasons of wastage and control mechanism. (15M, IFoS-2014)
  31. What are the uses of farm planning and budgeting? Discuss the steps to be followed in farm
    planning and budgeting. (10M, CSE 2013)
  32. Explain Principle of limited capital and opportunity cost (10M, CSE 2013)
  33. What is farm budgeting? Discuss different types of farm budgeting. (15M, CSE 2012)
  34. Short notes on Steps in farm planning and budgeting (12M, CSE 2012)
  35. Highlight the importance of farm planning and budgeting in resource allocation and cost minimization.
    (15M, CSE 2010)
  36. Short notes on Role and importance of Farm Management under changing rural far, scenario (12M,
    CSE 2010)
  37. Discuss Farm planning and budgeting (15M, CSE 2007)
  38. Discuss farm planning with the principal characteristics of a good farm plan. How is it helpful in
    farm operation to Indian farmers (60M, CSE 2006)
  39. Differentiate between management of a farm and farm management. How is farm management
    useful to farmers of our country? What is the scope of farm management on small farms? (60M,
    CSE 2005)
  40. What are the advantages and principle characteristic of farm planning? Name the different techniques
    which can be used for farm planning under ideal conditions. (60M, CSE 2002)
  41. Short notes on Law of diminishing return (20M, CSE 2003)
  42. Short notes on Farm planning (20M, CSE 2001)
  43. Differentiate Maximum yield and Maximum economic yield (15M, CSE 2001)
  44. To an agriculturist, farm management is equally important as crop management for increased
    productivity and income Explain. (60M, CSE 1999)
  45. Discuss importance and steps in farm planning. (60M, CSE 1998)
  46. Discuss farm management and its problem under Indian conditions. What are typical farm management
    decisions required by the farmers of large size holdings? (CSE 1995)
  47. Is farm management essential to Indian farmer? Describe its scope and importance along with
    major characteristics (60M, CSE 1994).
  48. What is farm planning and what are its objectives? What are the principal characteristics of a good
    farm plan? (CSE 1993)

Optimum resource use and budgeting

  1. Enlist and explain advantages and problems of farm budgeting. (10M, IFoS 2021)
  2. What is farm budgeting? Explain different types of farm budgeting. (10M, CSE 2020)
  3. What is farm budgeting? How is it important to farmers? (10M, IFoS-2018)
  4. Elaborate the strategies for doubling the farmer’s income by 2022. (10M, CSE 2018)
  5. Short critical notes on Farm Budgeting (20M, 200W, CSE 1994)
  6. What are the various types of farm budgeting? What methods of budgeting is recommended when
    change in activity under study does not affect farm organization vitally and why? (CSE 1991)

Economics of different types of farming systems

  1. Describe the role of diversified farming in managing risk and uncertainty. (8M, IFoS-2022)
  2. Describe the Government intervention in agricultural marketing and policy related issues. (10M,
    IFoS 2020)
  3. Describe the effects of marketing of agricultural produce by farmers groups, rather than individually.
    Explain the advantages and limitations of farmers producer organizations (FPOs) from farmers perspective. (10M, IFoS 2020)
  4. Describe contract farming in India and its relevance in present scenario (20M, CSE 2019)
  5. What is contractual Farming? What are its merits and demerits in present day agriculture? (10M,
    200W, IFoS-2017)
  6. Integrated Farming System and its profitability to the farmers. (10M, 200W, IFoS-2017)
  7. What is diversified farming? Discuss the merits and demerits of this type of farming. (8M, 150W,
    IFoS-2014)
  8. Short notes on Contract farming (20M, 200W, CSE 2007)

Marketing management – strategies for development, market intelligence

  1. Elaborate the institutional infrastructure available for agricultural marketing in India. (10M, IFoS-2023)
  2. Enlist and explain in brief the problems associated with marketing of agricultural produce in India.
    (8M, IFoS-2023)
  3. Write the main functions of Directorate of Marketing and Inspections, Discuss the role of AGMARK
    and e NAM in Agriculture marketing. (20M CSE 2023)
  4. Explain important types of agricultural markets in India. (10M 150W CSE 2023)
  5. Enlist the problems of agricultural marketing in India and also describe the role of market intelligence
    in addressing these problems. (10M, CSE 2022)
  6. Explain the approaches and benefits of market-led extension. (10M, IFoS-2022)
  7. Enlist and explain various dimensions of market. (8M, IFoS 2021)
  8. Explain the importance of agricultural trade in national economy and enumerate the factors affecting
    agricultural trade. (10M, IFoS 2020)
  9. Elaborate the term “supply chain management” and discuss its importance in emerging agri-business
    sector. (10M, IFoS 2020)
  10. Explain the institutional infrastructure of Agricultural marketing in India. (10M, 150W, CSE 2020)
  11. e- NAM (National Agriculture Market) and its disadvantage. (10M, CSE 2019)
  12. What is eNAM? How does it safeguard the interests of farm producers? (8M, 150W, IFoS-2019)
  13. Discuss the structure of agricultural marketing in India. What are the features of the new APMC
    Act, 2017? (15M, IFoS-2019)
  14. Explain marketing of farm products and marketing functions. (10M, IFoS-2018)
  15. Describe initiatives for improving agricultural marketing in India. (10M, 150W, CSE 2018)
  16. Give different approaches to study marketing and problems in marketing of agricultural produce.
    (10M, IFoS-2018)
  17. What do you understand by e-National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)? Discuss the prospects and
    constraints of e-NAM in the context of Indian farmers. (15M, CSE 2018)
  18. What is the significance of marketing information in agricultural marketing? Discuss the status of
    market intelligence in India. (20M, CSE 2017)
  19. Describe the concept of market intelligence and explain the various problems in agricultural marketing
    system in India. (10M, CSE 2016)
  20. Role of APMC for the benefits of farming community. (10M, 200W, IFoS-2016)
  21. Describe the characteristics of agricultural marketing. Explain the problems in marketing of
    agricultural produce in India. (150W, 8M, IFoS-2014)
  22. Why marketing information is considered important in agricultural marketing? Discuss the status
    of market intelligence in India. (20M, CSE 2014)
  23. Discuss briefly the challenges in agricultural marketing system. State the advantages of supply
    chain management. (10M, 150W, CSE 2013)
  24. What are the major problems of agricultural marketing in India? (15M, 200W, CSE 2012)
  25. What is the importance of agricultural marketing? Explain the physical and institutional infrastructure
    of marketing and market intelligence. (30M, CSE 2011)
  26. What is the importance of agricultural marketing? Explain the physical and institutional infrastructure
    of marketing and market intelligence. (30M, CSE 2011)
  27. Enumerate the major problems of Indian agricultural marketing. (30M, CSE 2010)
  28. Short notes on Production Economics (20M, CSE 2002)
  29. Short critical notes on Regulated Market (20M, 200W, CSE 2000)
  30. What do you mean by producer’s surplus of agricultural commodities? Describe its importance and relationship between marketed and marketable surplus along with the factors which affects them. (60M, CSE 1996)
  31. Marketing functions and functionaries. (200W, CSE 1989)

Price fluctuations and their cost

  1. Briefly discuss the price instability and its types. Write down the measurements for price instability.
    (10M, CSE 2024)
  2. Discuss the causes of high price spread in agriculture commodities and suggest measures to minimize
    the price spread. (15M, IFoS-2022)
  3. Enumerate and explain factors affecting cost of marketing of agricultural produce. (10M, IFoS 2021)
  4. Describe the implications of the Farmers Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation)
    Act of 2020 on Indian agriculture. (8M, IFoS 2020)
  5. Enlist and explain the effect of “Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) agreement on price
    assurance and farm service Act-2020” on small and medium farmers in India. (20M. CSE 2020)
  6. Discuss the problems of sugarcane growers in respect of price and marketing. (8M, 150W, IFoS2015)
  7. How does the principle of opportunity cost help farmers to decide what to grow? (10M, IFoS-2018)
  8. Stabilization of agricultural product prices. (10M, 200W, IFoS-2016)
  9. Return above variable cost (RAVC) (200W, CSE 1992)
  10. Cost ratios in farm business. (200W, CSE 1991)
  11. Discuss the agricultural price policy of the Government of India. Would you suggest any changes in it in view of the debate on the terms of trade between the agriculture and the industries? (CSE 1991)
  12. Basic decisions of farming business (200W, CSE 1989)

Role of co-operatives in agricultural economy

  1. What is commodity-based extension? Explain its characteristics and weaknesses. (15M, IFoS2023)
  2. Describe the functions of National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation (NAFED) and its present role in stabilizing the prices of pulses. (15M, IFoS-2022)
  3. Cooperation Societies and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). (10M, CSE 2022)
  4. Discuss cooperative marketing with successful case studies. (10M, CSE 2021)
  5. Describe the motives behind Cooperation. Explain three-tier structure of Cooperative Credit Society. (15M, IFoS 2021)
  6. Enumerate the role of cooperatives in agricultural economy in India. (10M, IFoS 2020)
  7. What are the benefits of cooperative marketing? Discuss the hindering forces for cooperatives movement in India. (15M, IFoS-2019)
  8. What is agricultural cooperative farming? In what way is cooperative farming helpful to small and marginal farmers? (8M, 150W, IFoS-2018)
  9. Role of Cooperative Societies in agriculture. (10M, 200W, IFoS-2017)
  10. Discuss the role of cooperatives in agriculture. (10M, IFoS-2015)
  11. Detail the role of co-operative marketing. (10M, CSE 2015)
  12. Short notes on Cooperative farming in the context of subdivision and fragmentation of land-holdings. (12M, CSE 2010)
  13. Describe the role of co-operative marketing to Indian farmers. Give its main functions and the reasons of slow progress in India (60M, CSE 2006)
  14. Short notes on Cooperative marketing and regulated market (20M, CSE 2003)
  15. Cooperative marketing (200W, CSE 1995)
  16. What special problems are encountered by the Indian farmers in marketing of their agricultural
    products? Discuss the role and advantages of cooperative marketing. (CSE 1992)

Types and systems of farming and factors affecting them.

  1. What is the role of new agricultural technologies and market policies in crop diversification? Discuss in detail. (20M, CSE 2021)
  2. How is ‘contract farming’ playing an important role in agri-food chain in the Indian context (10M, CSE 2015)
  3. Short notes on Producer’s Surplus (20M, CSE 2002)

Agricultural price policy

  1. What is need for deciding minimum support price (MSP) for each crop. (20M CSE 2023)
  2. Discuss the success and failure of agricultural price policy since its inception. Discuss the recent initiatives / changes in agricultural price policy. (20M, CSE 2021)
  3. The Minimum Support Price (MSP) and its determination. (10M, 150W, CSE 2021)
  4. Enlist the need and objectives of agricultural price policy. (15M, IFoS-2019)
  5. Describe agricultural price policy and instruments of price policy. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2018)
  6. Describe the significance of minimum support prices of agricultural produce in India. How are they worked out? (10M, CSE 2017)
  7. Discuss the mechanism of fixation of minimum support prices of agricultural products. (10M, CSE)
  8. Discuss the role of agricultural price commission in recommending minimum support price and procurement price of food grain. (10M, IFoS-2015)
  9. Discuss the mechanism of fixation of minimum support prices of agricultural products. (20M, CSE 2014)
  10. India’s consumption of electricity in agriculture is increasing every year. Explain the long-term strategy to meet the increasing demand of electricity in agriculture. (10M, IFoS-2014)
  11. The maximum investment of India’s import is on Vegetable Oil per year. Explain the causes of import, and ways to reduce import by increasing production. (15M, IFoS-2014)
  12. Short notes on Price fluctuation (20M, CSE 2001)
  13. “Marketing and pricing of agricultural inputs on one hand and outputs on the other are the greatest bottlenecks in increasing agricultural production in India.” Comment (60M, CSE 1999)
  14. Short critical notes on Price fluctuation (20M, CSE 1998)
  15. An increase in Agricultural production is not fully accomplished due to lack of finance in India. Discuss the various needs and necessities of the farmers and the role of various institutions as a source of Agricultural credit. (CSE 1992)
  16. What are the advantages of price fixing by the State? What are the important considerations in the policy of price support by Government for agricultural produce? (CSE 1990)

Crop Insurance

  1. Describe the importance of crop insurance for small and marginal farmers in India. Write the role of insurance companies for crop insurance. (10M, CSE 2022)
  2. Kisan Credit Card and Soil Health Card. (10M, CSE 2022)
  3. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and its progress. (10M, 150W, CSE 2021)
  4. What are the features of Prime Minister Fasal Bima Yojana? How is it better than the earlier agricultural insurance scheme? (10M, IFoS-2019)
  5. Discuss the crop insurance and its implications. Narrate the government initiatives taken for crop insurance. (10M, CSE 2018)
  6. How does crop insurance ensure a minimum guaranteed return in case of crop failure due to natural calamities. (10M, IFoS-2015)
  7. Kisan Credit Card (12.5M, CSE 2016, 2013)
  8. Describe Crop Insurance (10M, 150W, CSE 2017, 2011)
  9. Describe the importance of crop insurance in minimizing risk in agricultural production. (20M, CSE 2010)

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