Explain the ultrastructure of chloroplast with the help of diagram. Briefly discuss the chemical composition and functions of chloroplast in higher plants. (10M, CSE 2024)
Give a brief description of plasma membrane structure (with labelled diagram) and its functions. (8M, IFoS-2023)
Enumerate functions of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. (10M 150W CSE 2023)
Enlist the molecular models of cell member and explain the models given by S.J. Singer and G. Nicholson (1972) Green and Capaldi (1974) (20M CSE 2023)
Explain the mechanism of interphase in mitosis cell division. (10M, IFoS-2022)
Describe the mode of origin and growth of a cell wall with its function. (8M, IFoS-2022)
Define cell. How is a plant cell different from an animal cell? Describe a typical cell structurally and functionally. With suitable diagram. (15M, CSE 2021)
What is cell? Enlist different organelles of plant cell with a brief description of mitochondria. (8M, IFoS 2020)
What are the major components that constitute cell structure? Describe their functions (20M, CSE)
What is the ‘powerhouse’ of a cell? Describe its structure and label. (8M, IFoS-2018)
Illustrate the plant and animal cells. (10M, IFoS-2018)
What is protoplasm? Briefly discuss its chemical composition and physical properties. (10M, CSE 2018)
Describe the mode of origin and growth of cell wall. (8M, IFoS-2017)
What is cell? Enlist different organelles of plant cell with brief description of functions of mitochondria (10M, CSE 2017)
Give the differences between outer and inner mitochondrial membrane. (10M, IFoS-2016)
Describe endocytic and secretory pathways in Eukaryotic cells. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2015)
What is cell? Explain the structure and function of the cell (12.5M, CSE 2015)
What is cell cycle? Describe different stages of inter-phase of mitosis (15M, CSE 2012)
Describe briefly the ultra-structure of a plant cell. Explain cell as a structural and functional unit of life. (15M, CSE 2011)
Differentiate Mitosis and meiosis (15M, CSE 2005)
What are cell organelles? Give their list. Discuss the function and the significance of any two of them. (20M, 200W, CSE 2005)
Briefly describe leucoplastids and chromoplastids (20M, 200W, CSE 2004)
Describe with suitable diagrams the events and their significance during interphase, prophase and metaphase stages of Meiosis-I. (20M, 200W, CSE 2000)
Write about the functions of various parts of the cell (20M, CSE 1999)
How do prokaryote cell and eukaryote cell differ? (20M, CSE 1999)
Explain the differences between Mitosis and Meiosis (20M, 200W, CSE 1998)
What are the components of cytoplasm? Give their functions. (20M, CSE 1996)
Enumerate 10 most important differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Distinguish Mention the characteristics and uses of ‘ribosome’s’ (20M, CSE 1994)
Synthesis, structure, and function of genetic material
Describe the detailed structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as prepared by Watson and Crick with suitable diagram. (15M, IFoS-2022)
Ribonucleic acid and Deoxyribonucleic acid (10M, IFoS-2018)
What are the components of DNA and RNA? Give the characteristic difference of the DNA and RNA. (12.5M, CSE 2015)
What are genes? How are the classical and modern concepts of genes different? (10M, IFoS-2014)
DNA is the genetic material. How does DNA contribute to the development of various traits? (12.5M, CSE 2014)
Define DNA and RNA. Compare them with each other. (20M, CSE 2004)
Define the nucleic acids and discuss their structure and functions. (20M, CSE 2003)
Distinguish between RNA and DNA of a cell. (20M, CSE 1998)
What is the genetic code? What is its significance? (CSE 1991)
What is genetic deciphering? What are its prospects? (CSE 1990)
What properties of the DNA molecule distinguish it as the ‘genetic material’ How is DNA exactly copied during chromosome replication? (CSE 1990)
One gene One enzyme hypothesis. (CSE 1989)
Can you determine the exact base sequence of a gene if you know the amino acid sequence of its protein product? Explain. (CSE 1989)
Laws of heredity
Explain Various theories of inheritance. Write down the evidences suggesting the presence of cytoplasmic inheritance in the crosses’ results (10M CSE 2023)
Give an account of seven different pairs of contrasting characters whose inheritance was studied by mendel in garden pea (Pisum sativam). Give reason for Mendel’s success in the country. (20M CSE 2023)
Differentiate between Epistasis and dominance gene interaction. (5M, IFoS-2022)
What is the principle of independent assortment in inheritance of genes? Describe the experiment used by Mendel. (8M, IFoS 2021)
Describe various Laws of Heredity. Explain the Law of Independent Assortment with suitable examples. (15M, CSE 2019)
Enlist Mendel’s different laws. Describe in detail about the law of segregation with suitable examples. (15M, CSE 2018)
Describe the Mendel’s law of inheritance by giving suitable example. (8M, IFoS-2018)
Distinguish between epistasis and dominance. Explain gene interaction. (15M, IFoS-2017)
Elaborate Mendel’s law of independent assortment’ by giving suitable example. (10M, CSE 2016)
Laws of heredity (12.5M, CSE 2015)
Describe the laws of heredity and their significance in plant breeding (20M, CSE 2006)
Differentiate Phenotype and genotype (15M, CSE 2005)
Differentiate Homozygous and heterozygous (15M, CSE 2005)
What were the reasons for Mendel’s success in his genetic experiments? Explain how Mendelian inheritance differs from cytoplasmic inheritance. (20M, CSE 2000)
What are Mendel’s laws of inheritance? Explain briefly the principles of dominance. (20M, CSE 1998)
Write Mendel in principles in your own words. (20M, CSE 1997)
Differentiate between Genotype and Phenotype (CSE 1991)
Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations
What is chromosomal aberration? Briefly discuss the changes in chromosomal structure due to aberrations. (20M, CSE 2024)
What are chromosome structure models? Describe various models with the help of suitable diagrams. Which models are widely accepted and why? (15M, IFoS-2023)
Discuss the structure of a plant chromosome and its role in genetic diversity. (20M, CSE 2022)
Describe the various chromosome structural aberrations with the help of suitable diagrams and discuss their effects on organisms. (15M, IFoS 2020)
Describe chromosome under the following headings: (10M, 150W, CSE 2020)
Chromosome number
Chemical constituents of chromosomes
Chromomere
Y chromosome
Enumerate various types of structural chromosomal aberrations with their types. Give detailed account of inversion-type structural aberration. (15M, CSE 2020)
What are chromosomal aberrations? Describe the structural aberrations and their genetic significance. (8M, IFoS-2019)
Heterochromatin and Euchromatin. (10M, IFoS-2019)
Discuss the special types of chromosomes. (15M, IFoS-2019)
What do you understand by chromosomal aberration? Discuss in brief, the major types of chromosomal aberrations. (15M, CSE 2018)
Distinguish between Lampbrush chromosomes and B-chromosomes. (10M, IFoS-2015)
Describe various types of changes in chromosome numbers in plants. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2014)
Describe different types of structural variations in chromosomes. Mention its genetic implications (12M, CSE 2012)
Define Chromosome. Describe briefly the size, shape and number of Chromosomes found in crop plants. (60M, CSE 2005)
Define the chromosome theory of hereditary and discuss about inter chromosomal linkage (20M, CSE 2003)
Short notes on Para centric inversion (20M, CSE 2000)
Short notes on Euchromatin and heterochromatin (20M, CSE 1999)
Idiotype (CSE 1995)
What is an idiotype? How is the idiotype of rice/wheat conducive to increasing crop production? (200W, CSE 1993)
What is an idiotype? Describe the morphological physiological traits of an idiotype of wheat. How far has the concept of new plant types helped in increasing the production of wheat crop? (200 W, CSE 1989)
Linkage and cross-over, and their significance in recombination breeding
Explain the methods for linkage detection in recombinant breeding programme. (8M, IFoS-2023)
Differentiate between linkage and crossing over. Did Mendel recognize the phenomenon of linkage? Explain. (15M, IFoS 2021)
What is meant by linkage and crossover? Write their significance in recombination breeding (12.5M, CSE 2015)
Short notes on various types of gene linkage and their detection (15M, CSE 2010)
In certain breeding stocks of maize, assume that gene A for increased vigour is closely linked with a recessive gene w, which makes the plant weak and that gene B for another quality also results in increased vigour but is closely linked with a recessive gene for low viability. Which combination would be most efficient for production of vigour? What kind of mating would produce the desired combination? (20M, CSE 1994)
Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids
What is allopolyploidy? Describe its applications and limitations in crops. (20M, CSE 2024)
Define aneuploidy. Give an account of morphological and cytological functions of aneuploidy, and discuss its application in crop improvement. (20M, CSE 2022)
What is polyploidy? Give a brief account of classification of polyploids. (10M, CSE 2022)
What is polyploidy? Define the ways in which polyploidy can occur. (15M, IFoS 2021)
What is polyploidy? Describe its application in crop improvement with limitations. (10M, 150W, CSE 2019)
Differentiate between aneuploid, euploid and polyploid. Explain in detail the applications of allopolyploidy in crop improvement. (20M, CSE 2018)
Define allopolyploidy. Give its application in crop improvement. (8M, IFoS-2017)
What is polyploidy? Briefly discuss its application and limitations in crop improvement. (20M, CSE 2017)
“Aneuploids are generally weak, but they are useful in plant breeding”. Evaluate this statement in the light of available information. (10M, CSE 2014)
Discuss the usefulness of autopolyploidy in crop improvement. (10M, 150W, CSE 2013)
Describe the origin and production of aneuploids. (15M, 150W, CSE 2010)
Discuss the importance of allopolyploids in evolution and crop improvements. Give evolution and crop improvements. Give suitable examples. (20M, 200W, CSE 2009)
Describe briefly the types of changes in chromosomes number (20M, CSE 2006)
Describe the role of polyploidy in plant breeding. (20M, CSE 2003)
Short notes on Autotetraploid (20M, CSE 1999)
Short notes on Polyploidy (20M, CSE 1996)
How has Allopolyploidy been more successful in the evolution of new crop species? Describe briefly the evolutionary history of some important allopolyploid crop species with special reference to Wheat. Cotton and Triticale. (CSE 1992)
Describe one important manmade intergeneric polyploid which has significant agronomic potential. Also give its origin and characteristics. (200W, CSE 1990)
Mutations- and their role in crop improvement
What do you mean by mutation? What is the significance of induced mutation in plant breeding? (20M, CSE 2022)
Describe the role of mutation in development of disease resistant varieties of crop. (10M, IFoS 2020)
Describe the application of mutation breeding. Also discuss the limitations of this approach of plant breeding. (15M, CSE 2020)
Define mutation. Write its classification and role in crop improvement. (10M, 150W, CSE 2019)
Discuss the molecular basis of mutation. (10M, IFoS-2019)
What are mutations? Indicate the use of induced mutation in varietal development. (20M, CSE 2017)
Discuss the practical applications of mutations in wheat, rice and barley. Name two varieties of wheat released by the use of induced mutations in India. (12.5M, CSE 2016)
Describe the role of micro and macro mutations in crop improvement. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2016)
What is the role of micro and macro mutations in crop improvement? (10M, IFoS-2015)
Classify the mutation. Explain the application of mutation breeding. (10M, 150W, CSE 2015)
Briefly describe the procedure for utilization of induced mutation in plant breeding. (10M, CSE 2014)
What are cytoplasmic mutations? Discuss their role in crop improvement. (15M, 150W, CSE 2011)
Define micro-mutations. Briefly discuss the methods for their detection and application in crop improvement. (20M, 200W, CSE 2009)
What is mutation? Give its classification. Describe in brief spontaneous and induced mutation. (20M, 200W, CSE 2005)
Short notes on Mutant varieties (20M, CSE 2003)
Justify Mutation creates variability needed for evolution (20M, CSE 2001)
Differentiate between macro and micro-mutations. Explain the role of mutations in crop improvement with appropriate examples (20M, 200W, CSE 2000)
Define the term “mutation” and give its origin. What are different types of mutations? State their role in crop improvement (CSE 1993)
Spontaneous Versus Induced Mutations (CSE 1992)
What are mutations? How do they occur? Comment upon the significance of induced mutations for improving crops of economic importance. (200W, CSE 1990)
Heritability, sterility and incompatibility, classification and their application in crop improvement
Give an account of cytoplasmic genetic male sterility and its utilization in plant breeding. Also discuss its limitations. (20M, CSE 2024)
What are the components of genetic variance? How are these components estimated? (15M, IFoS-2023)
Describe chemically induced male sterility and its importance in crop improvement and seed production. (8M, IFoS-2022)
Classify types of male sterility and self-incompatibility system in plants. Describe the limitations of cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system in hybrid seed production. (20M, CSE 2021)
Distinguish between the following, giving suitable examples Cytoplasmic and Cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility. (5M, IFoS 2020)
Describe the role of Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility (CGMS) and Self-incompatibility (SI) systems in hybrid seed production. (15M, IFoS 2020)
Explain self-incompatibility and its mechanism. Discuss relevance of self-incompatibility in plant breeding. (20M, CSE 2020)
Explain sterility systems in crop plants. Describe the role of male sterility in hybrid seed production in vegetable crops with suitable examples. (15M, CSE 2019)
What do you mean by hybrid seed production? Describe the different types of sterility systems to facilitate hybrid seed production. (20M, CSE 2018)
What do you mean by self-incompatibility? Discuss ways and means to overcome self-incompatibility. (15M, CSE 2018)
Describe the significance of male sterility in hybrid seeds production. Mention different types of male sterility. (10M, IFoS-2018)
What do you mean by hybrid seed production? Describe the different types of sterility systems to facilitate hybrid seed production. (20M, CSE 2018)
Describe chemically induced male sterility. (8M, IFoS-2017)
What do you mean by male sterility? List various types of male sterility systems found in plants and discuss the chemically induced male sterility. (10M, 150W, CSE 2017)
Discuss sterility systems used in hybrid seed production. Briefly mention chemically induced male sterility. (10M, 150W, CSE 2016)
Given the seed from a male sterile line of corn, how would you determine if the sterility is genetic or cytoplasmic? (12.5 M, CSE 2016)
Enlist various types of male sterility. Describe briefly about cytoplasmic male sterility. (10M, IFoS2016)
Discuss male sterility. Enlist various types of male sterility found in plants and describe briefly about cytoplasmic genetic sterility. (10M, IFoS-2014)
Explain the use of cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility in hybrid seed production. (12.5M, CSE 2014)
Which measure of heritability (broad sense or narrow sense) will be appropriate for selection in a mixture of homozygous lines and for segregating generation. Explain the basis for your answer. (10M, 150W, CSE 2013)
What are male sterile lines? Describe its role in seed production. (12M, 150W, CSE 2012)
What is heritability? Explain the types of heritability and their significance in crop improvement. (15M, 150W, CSE 2011)
Discuss the types of self-incompatibility and their relevance in plant breeding. (15M, CSE 2010)
Briefly discuss the importance of male sterility in the improvement of crop plants. (200W, 20M, CSE 2008)
Discuss the types of self-incompatibility and their relevance in plant breeding. Describe briefly the mechanism of self-incompatibility. (20M, 200W, CSE 2006)
What is self-incompatibility? Describe in brief the mechanism of self incompatibility. (20M, 200W, CSE 2002)
Discuss the vole of self-incompatibility in plant breeding. (20M, 200W, CSE 2001)
What are different components of variation in a plant population? How do you calculate how heritability using variance components? Explain how heritable variation can be created artificially. (20M, 200W, CSE 2000)
Distinguish incompatibility from sterility. Give classification of incompatibility. Explain the significance of incompatibility in plant breeding with relevant examples. (20M, CSE 2000)
What is male sterility? How can it be used for crop improvement? (20M, 200W, CSE 1997)
Briefly discuss the importance of male sterility in the improvement of crop plants. (200W, CSE 1995)
What are the causes for male sterility? Briefly discuss. The importance of male sterility in the improvement of crop plants. (CSE 1991)
Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influenced, and sex-limited characters
Differentiate between Sex-linked and sex-limited characters. (5M, IFoS-2022)
Write short notes on the following: (15M, CSE 2020)
Sex-linkage
Double cross-over
Autosome
Cytoplasmic male sterility
Aneuploids
Sex-influenced and sex-limited characters. (10M, IFoS-2017)
Explain cytoplasmic inheritance and its characteristics. (10M, CSE2017)
What is sex influenced and sex-linked traits? Explain why they differ. (10M, IFoS-2015)
Briefly describe the salient features of cytoplasmic inheritance, and give the reason therefore. (10M, 150W, CSE 2013)
Shorts note on Sex-influenced and sex-limited characters. (12.5M, 200W, CSE 2013)
Sex linked and sex influenced characters (CSE 2008)
Briefly explain the salient features of cytoplasmic inheritance. (20M, 200W, CSE 2001)
What is sex-linked inheritance? How does it differ from Mendelian inheritance? Explain sex determination in Drosophila. (20M, CSE 2000)
Brief notes on Sex-limited characters (20M, CSE 2000)
Critically discuss sex-linked, sex-limited and sex-influenced characters. (200W, CSE 1995)
Distinguish between sex linked, sex limited and sex influenced characters. Give suitable examples. (CSE 1991)
How can you ascertain whether a chromosome is controlled by the cytoplasm? Cite an example of exploitation of cytoplasmic inheritance in crop improvement. (CSE 1990)
