Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops
Major fruits
Discuss banana crop in respect of its varieties, nutrient management, plant protection and post-harvest handling. (20M, CSE 2024)
Describe the package of practices for mango cultivation in North India considering suitable varieties for processing, soil and climate requirements, fertilizer requirement, propagation method, management of mango malformation and alternate bearing. (15M, IFoS-2023)
Discuss the cultivation practices for cauliflower considering the following points:
Soil and climate requirements
Varieties, seed rate and sowing time
Nursery raising and transplanting method
Management of physiological disorders
Harvesting and yield (15M, IFoS-2023)
Discuss package of practices of Guava cultivation with reference to soil and climate, propagation, varieties, disease management and bahar treatment. (20M CSE 2023)
Name the major fruit crops along with the states commercially growing these crops. Describe the package of practices for papaya cultivation in India. (15M, CSE 2019)
Briefly discuss the package of practice for commercial production of banana. (8M, IFoS-2019)
Discuss high-density planting system in fruit crops with its characteristics and advantages with examples. (15M, IFoS-2019)
Mango malformation. (8M, IFoS-2018)
What is pruning? Discuss its principles and significance in fruit crops. (10M, IFoS-2018)
Olericulture and Pomology. (10M, IFoS-2017)
Give important varieties of anola and discuss their harvesting and post harvest management. (10M, IFoS-2016)
Briefly discuss the package of practices for the commercial production of papaya. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2014)
Products of cutting and grafting are genetically uniform in plants. (10M, IFoS-2014)
Define polyembryony. Discuss its significance I horticulture with special reference to mango and citrus. (15M, 150W, CSE 2011)
Short note on temperature induced injuries in fruits and vegetables. (15M, 150W, CSE 2010)
Discuss in brief the points to be considered for cost and return analysis in fruit cultivation (20M, 200W, CSE 2010)
Explain the present status of arid fruit culture in India. Describe major constrains in fruit productivity in arid regions. (20M, 200W, CSE 2010)
Explain Fruit production, processing and distribution in India (20M, CSE 2003)
Describe the ecological classification of horticultural crops in the country. Discuss the climate requirements for litchi, pineapple and cherry, and name three commercial varieties of each of these fruits (20M, CSE 2001)
Differentiate between climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Explain the changes that occur during maturity and ripening of these fruits. (20M, CSE 2001)
Discuss the importance and scope of processing of fruits and vegetables. Briefly describe the methods of vegetables preservation with the help of suitable examples. (20M, CSE 2001)
Describe the climatic and soil requirements for ‘banana’ cultivation. Mention the names of popular varieties of banana. Explain how planting material is prepared for banana cultivation. (20M, CSE 2000)
Explain climate and soil requirements of sapota (chiku), santra (orange) and ber (jujube). (20M, CSE 1998)
Describe propagation method, planting season and two methods of training of grape-vine suitable for Thompson seedless variety. (20M, CSE 1998)
How Litchi is propagated? What are the causes of fruit drop in Litchi and how can it be controlled? (CSE 1992)
Give the nutritive value of Tropical and Subtropical fruits. What deficiency symptoms occur in human body due to lack of important vitamins and how can these be supplemented by fruits? (CSE 1992)
Plantation crops
Discuss the present status of cashew nut industry in India with reference to production, productivity, consumption, and export. Suggest strategies for its further improvement (15M, 150W, CSE 2011)
Root-stocks. (CSE 1995)
What are the various methods of asexual propagation of horticultural crops? What are the advantages of each method? (CSE 1993)
Budding of potatoes in storage is often an important commercial problem. Suggest how the bad development can be inhibited. Further, release of dormancy in potato may be of some economic and commercial value to the farmers and breeders. Discuss, how this can be achieved. (CSE 1992)
Name any Three hedge plants which can be grown very successfully in alkaline soils. Give their method of propagation and time of plantation in the plains of North India. (CSE 1992)
Vegetables
Discuss the following:
Physiological disorders in cauliflower.
Physiological disorders in tomato.
Quincunx system of orchard planting. (15M, IFoS 2021)
Give a brief account of tomato cultivation with respect to climate and soils, sowing time, and nutrient, water and post-harvest management. (20M, CSE 2020)
Give the present, status cultivation in India and describe the package practices rabi and kharif onion cultivation in India. (20M, CSE 2019)
Discuss the challenges and opportunities of marketing tomato and onion in India. (15M, IFoS2019)
Seed plot technique for virus-free potato seed production. (8M, IFoS-2018)
Define cole crops. Explain on what basis cole crops are grouped (12.5M, CSE 2015)
Discuss the soil and climate requirements, varieties of seed tuber, sowing time, manure and fertilizer application and insect-pests management of commercial cultivation of potato. (10M, IFoS-2014)
Cauliflower cultivation under the following heads: transplanting and post-harvest management. (12.5M, 200W, CSE 2013)
Briefly describe various methods of planting onions, and post-harvest management of onions. (10M, 150W, CSE 2013)
Give the climatic requirements of tomato, garlic, sweet orange and dahlia crops. (20M, 200W, CSE
Short note on water economy in potato (15M, CSE 2005)
Explain Marketing problems of fruits and vegetables in India (20M, CSE 2003)
Discuss in brief the package of practices for the cultivation of tomato. (20M, 200W, CSE 2002)
Discuss the importance and scope of processing of fruits and vegetables. Briefly describe the methods of vegetables preservation with the help of suitable examples (20M, CSE 2001)
Short note on Seed quality attributes for vegetables (20M, CSE 1999)
Suggest briefly the different types of vegetable Farming. What vegetables are to be sown in a kitchen garden in East India from September to December? (CSE 1992)
Examine the effect of climatic variables on the production of fruit and vegetable crops. What are the problems in marketing of fruits and vegetables? Suggest remedies. (CSE 1989)
Spices
Enlist the seed spices grown in India. Briefly discuss the cultivation and post-harvest management practices for coriander and cumin. (20M, CSE 2022)
Describe the climatic requirement, seed rate, nursery sowing and disease control measures for Sweet Pepper Cultivation. (20M, CSE 2007)
Flower crops
Briefly discuss round the year marigold cultivation with reference to varieties., sowing and transplanting, disease management and value addition. (10M CSE 2023)
Describe the year-round production technology of ‘Chrysanthemum’. (15M, IFoS 2020)
What are the causes of post-harvest deterioration of flowers? Elaborate the techniques to enhance shelf-life of flowers. (15M, CSE 2020)
Name the commercial floriculture crops being grown in India. Describe the package of practices of year-round cultivation of chrysanthemum in India. (20M, CSE 2019)
Enlist factors affecting the post-harvest life of flower. How can it be controlled by growth regulators? (10M, CSE 2018)
Importance of pinching in quality production of carnation. (8M, IFoS-2017)
What are the important new varieties of carnation? Explain the importance of pinching operation for producing quality carnation. (10M, 150W, CSE 2016)
Explain the production technology for commercial cultivation of marigold and aster flowers. (12.5M, CSE 2016)
Write the package and practices of Gladiolus cultivars citing method of propagation, soil, climatic conditions, harvesting and yield. (10M, 150W, CSE 2015)
Write the production technology of Marigold as it is one of the important flowers cultivated throughout the year (12.5M, CSE 2015)
Package and practices for the marigold and aster flower crop. (10M, IFoS-2015)
Describe the production technology for Orchids under protected conditions (15M, 200W, CSE 2012)
Write commercial cultivation practices of Anthurium with reference to microclimate, propagation and planting, harvesting and yield of Anthurium cut flowers (15M, 200W, CSE 2012)
Describe the production technology for carnation under greenhouse conditions. (15M, 150W, CSE
Bring out the extent and scope of rose cultivation in India with special reference to export (20M, 200W, CSE 2010)
Discuss about planting material, Irrigation, manuring and Harvesting of Gladiolus (20M, CSE 2007)
Describe the cultivation of roses and its marketing. (20M, 200W, CSE 2003)
Short note on Methods of raising ornamental plants (20M, CSE 2002)
What is the scope for floriculture in India particularly for export purposes? Discuss the package of practices for the cultivation of roses. (20M, CSE 2001)
Write about the importance of floriculture in India. Give suggestions for development of scientific floriculture in India (20M, CSE1999)
Short note on growing export opportunities of floriculture (20M, CSE 1996)
Package practices of major horticultural crops
Discuss the high-density planting system in fruit crops along with suitable examples and advantages of the system. (10M, IFoS-2022)
Describe in detail the package of practices for onion cultivation in India. (15M, IFoS-2022)
Describe the package of practices for banana cultivation in North India. (8M, IFoS 2021)
Describe the package of practices for ‘papaya’ cultivation in northern India. (15M, IFoS 2020)
Describe mango cultivation with respect to propagation, intercropping, biennial bearing, fruit drop and black-tip. (15M, CSE 2020)
Enlist different vegetative propagation methods for fruit plants. Describe the different layering techniques employed for fruit plant propagation (15M, CSE 2018)
Give package of cultivation of pomegranate with reference to planting materials and methods, irrigation, nutrition, plant protection and post-harvest management (20M, CSE 2018)
How does maturity control the post-harvest quality and storage life of fruits? Give maturity indices for some fruits and vegetables. (12.5M, CSE 2016)
Write the importance of pruning and Training in fruit crops. Describe the procedure adopted in Grapes. (10M, 150W, CSE 2015)
Write the package and practices of Potato cultivation under the heads of soil and climatic condition, seed rate, nutrients requirement, time of planting, earthing and yield (12.5M, CSE 2015)
Cauliflower cultivation under the following heads: transplanting and post-harvest management. (12.5M, 200W, CSE 2013)
Explain use of root stocks in apple cultivation (12.5M, 200W, CSE 2013)
Explain effects of dormant pruning on trees. (12.5M, 200W, CSE 2013)
Describe the production technology for Orchids under protected conditions (15M, 200W, CSE 2012)
Define polyembryony. Discuss its significance I horticulture with special reference to mango and citrus (15m, 150W, CSE 2011)
Describe the production technology for carnation under greenhouse conditions. (15M, 150W, CSE 2011)
Discuss the present status of cashew nut industry in India with reference to production, productivity, consumption, and export. Suggest strategies for its further improvement (15M, 150W, CSE 2011)
Recommend a viable package of practices for commercial production of marigold. (20M, 200W, CSE 2009)
Describe the techniques of Nursery raising, manuring and Pest control for successful cultivation of Papaya. (20M, CSE 2007)
Describe in brief the package of practices for cultivation of pineapple (20M, 200W, CSE 2006)
Give the precautions in raising ornamental plants. (20M, 200W, CSE 2005)
Short note on water economy in potato (15M, CSE 2005)
Write scientific technique of raising table potato or vegetable pea under the following heads: (60M, CSE 2005)
Describe in brief the package of practices for cultivation of papaya (20M, 200W, CSE 2004)
What is the scope for floriculture in India particularly for export purposes? Discuss the package of practices for the cultivation of roses. (20M, CSE 2001)
Discuss the reasons for biennial bearing in fruits, and the measures for its alleviation. (20M, 200W, CSE 2001)
Discuss the relevance of pruning and training of horticultural crops. (20M, 200W, CSE 2001)
What arc the factors contributing to low production of Fruits in India V What measures are necessary to increase their production and productivity? (20M, CSE 2000)
Short note on use of cultar in mango cultivation (20M, CSE 1998)
Describe the origin, domestication, climatic requirements-, propagation and orchard management of citrus, apple and grapes. (60M, CSE 1994)
Give the verities recommended, season of sowing, spacing seed rate and manurial schedule for the following crops (CSE 1993)
Potato
Tomato
Bhindi
Cauliflower
In which part of the world, the edible bananas are believed to have originated? Give its distribution and climatic requirements. (CSE 1992)
Differentiate between pruning and training of fruit trees. How growth, development and yield of fruit trees is affected by pruning? (CSE 1992)
Where did mango originate? Name three important problems of mango cultivation in India. What are remedial measures? (CSE 1991)
Give the varieties recommended, package of practices including plant production measures and the average yield per hectare for (CSE 1991)
Grapes
Tomato.
What is the role of Kharif onion in the improvement of economic status of farmers? Describe suitable package of practices to get profitable yield of onion. (200W, CSE 1990)
Discuss the scientific basis of pruning. Give specific examples to show how physiological considerations determine the technique of pruning in the case of apple or any other fruit crop. (CSE 1989)
Give the varieties recommended, methods of propagation, package of practices. And yield per hectare for the following: (CSE 1989)
Banana
Guava
Mango
Protected cultivation and high-tech horticulture
Write the methods of production of seed tubers from true potato seeds (TPS) under protected cultivation. (10M, CSE 2024)
Enlist the cut flower ornamental crops grown in India. Describe the off-season production technology for chrysanthemum. (15M, IFoS-2022)
Discuss the importance of green- house in agriculture. (10M, 150W, CSE 2021)
What is protected cultivation? What are its problem and prospects in comparison to open cultivation?
Describe the procedures involved in Hi-tech nursery production. (15M, IFoS 2021)
Describe the production technology for off-season vegetables in India. (15M, IFoS 2020)
Describe plug-tray technology for seedling production in vegetables. (8M, IFoS 2020)
Define protected cultivation along with its major advantages and challenges for adoption in India. Describe the plastic low tunnel technology for off-season cultivation of vegetables. (20M, CSE
Describe the techniques of hi-tech horticulture. (8M, IFoS-2019)
What are the critical components need adequate attention while planning an orchard? (15M, IFoS2017)
How does high-tech horticulture technology play role in enhancing resource use efficiency and farmer’s income? (10M, CSE 2017)
What are the major causes of Global warming? (10M, IFoS-2014)
What is meant by protective cultivation? Briefly discuss importance of greenhouse in protective cultivation. (12.5M, CSE 2014)
Discuss in brief the factors responsible to low yield of vegetables in India. What measures are necessary to increase their production? (20M, CSE 2004)
How does fruit belt formation help fruit production in India? Name different fruit belts of the country. (200W, CSE 1990)
Post harvest technology and value addition of fruits and vegetables
Write the preparation method of Ready to Serve (RTS) beverages and squashes. (8M, IFoS-2023)
Describe the principles of fruits and vegetables preservation. (8M, IFoS-2022)
Narrate the role of post-harvest technology in minimising losses in fruits and vegetables. (10M, 150W, CSE 2021)
What are the challenges in fruit and vegetable marketing in India? (8M, IFoS 2021)
Describe the principles of fruits and vegetables preservation. (8M, IFoS 2020)
Discuss different types of preservation of fruits and vegetables. (15M, IFoS-2019)
Describe the post-harvest management and value-added products of black pepper. (15M, CSE
Discuss the problems involved in marketing of vegetables and fruits. (10M, IFoS-2018)
Describe the principles and methods of post-harvest management of important fruits. (10M, IFoS-2018)
Describe the preservation methods of important fruits. (8M, IFoS-2017)
Give a brief account of post-harvest losses in fruits. Suggest various management techniques to avoid losses due to post-harvest diseases. (10M, 150W, CSE 2017)
What are various ways of value addition in fruits and vegetables? (20M, CSE 2017)
Give the factor affecting post harvest life of flowers. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2016)
Discuss drying, dehydration, and concentration in preservation of fruits and vegetables. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2016)
Describe the various methods to enhance as well as to delay ripening of fruits. (8M, 150W, IFoS-2015)
Post –harvest change in fruits and vegetable production. (10M, IFoS-2014)
Quick and low temperature freezing is not recommended in case of fresh tomatoes. (10M, IFoS-2014)
Define jelly. Explain the principle of jelly formation. Briefly describe the preparation of jelly and enumerate problems in jelly making. (12.5M, CSE 2014)
Short note on fermentation for fruit and vegetable preservation (12.5M, 200W, CSE 2013)
Discuss preservation of fruits and vegetables by sugar. (12.5M, 200W, CSE 2013)
Briefly describe the roles of curing and de-greening in reducing post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables. (10M, 150W, CSE 2013)
Briefly describe various methods of planting onions, and post-harvest management of onions. (10M, 150W, CSE 2013)
Define vinegar. Describe its classification and bring out the methods of its preparation. (20M, 200W, CSE 2010)
What are the principles of preservation of fruit and vegetables? Briefly describe the method for preparation of guava jelly. (15M, 150W, CSE 2010)
Explain the concept of total post-harvest losses in mango. What methods can be used for enhancing shelf-life of the mango? (20M, 200W, CSE 2009)
Discuss the post- harvest technologies and value addition in crop. (200W, 20M, CSE 2008)
Discus the status of processing and preservation (of fruits and vegetables) industries in India. (200W, 20M, CSE2008)
Describe post-harvest technology for flowers. (200W, 20M, CSE2008)
Describe candied fruits, glazed fruits and crystallized fruits and give the principals involved in their preservation.
Discuss about post-Harvest losses in fruits. Describe the technology to minimize the losses in Mango (20M, 200W, CSE 2007)
Discuss Post-Harvest Management of Citrus (20M, CSE 2007)
Discuss briefly on handling and marketing problems of vegetables. (20M, 200W, CSE 2006)
Describe in brief the principal methods of fruit preservation. (20M, 200W, CSE 2005)
Short note on preservation methods of fruits and vegetables (20M, CSE 2004)
Discuss in brief the factors responsible to low yield of vegetables in India. What measures are necessary to increase their production? (20M, CSE 2004)
Discuss in brief the post-harvest losses in fruits and vegetables, and the measures to minimize these losses (20M, CSE 2002)
Discuss the importance and scope of processing of fruits and vegetables. Briefly describe the methods of vegetables preservation with the help of suitable examples (20M, CSE 2001)
Describe the factors responsible for post-harvest losses in fruits and vegetables and the measures to minimise these losses. (20M, CSE 2001)
What is the situation of export of fruits from India? Give examples of fruits and vegetables varieties suitable for export. (20M, CSE 1998)
What is the situation of fruit and vegetable processing industry in India? What arc their export projections? Support your answer with figures. (20M, CSE 1997)
Short note on Canning (20M, CSE 1997)
Comment upon fruits as a major export earning product. (20M, CSE 1996)
What are post-harvest losses? How can such losses be minimised in India? (CSE 1995)
What is ripening? State the factors affecting ripening. Explain various methods of ripening fruits. (CSE 1993)
Landscaping and commercial floriculture
Enlist the different commercial flowers cultivated on a large scale for cut flower trade. Briefly discuss the factors affecting the keeping quality of cut flowers and the remedies. (20M, CSE 2022)
Explain the methods to prolong vase-life of cut flowers.(15M, IFoS 2021)
Differentiate between the following: i) Formal and Informal styles of gardens (5M, IFoS 2020)
Discuss the scope and importance of roof-gardening in cities. (10M, 150W, CSE 2020)
Formal and Informal gardens. (10M, IFoS-2018)
Design and layout of lawns and gardens. (10M, IFoS-2016)
Differentiate between Layout plans for gardens and lawns. (10M, IFoS-2015)
Landscape gardening in India and their future scope for tourist’s attraction. (10M, IFoS-2014)
What is landscape architecture? State the principle of landscaping. What are the steps involved in landscaping a public place? (12M, 150W, CSE 2012)
Briefly describe the various popular designs of ornamental gardens (20M, 200W, CSE 2010)
Write about the problems and prospects of commercial floriculture in India (20M, 200W, CSE 2009)
Design and layout of rock garden. (150W, 15M, CSE 2008)
Describe the cultivation of roses and its marketing (20M, 200W, CSE 2003)
Comments Layout of lawn and garden (20M, CSE 2003)
Explain principles of orchard planning (20M, CSE 2001)
Short note on methods of Lawn establishment (20M, CSE 1997)
Suggest the vegetables to be grown in kitchen gardens located in Trivandrum, Jaipur, and Shimla. Give reasons for your choice. (CSE 1995)
Medicinal and aromatic plants
Describe Mentha cultivation with reference to varieties, soil and climate nutrient management and processing. (10M 150W CSE 2023)
Define medicinal and aromatic plants. Discuss their importance and uses. (10M, 150W, CSE 2017)
Elucidate the medicinal uses of ‘Sarpagandha’ (Rauwolfia serpentina). Recommend the viable production technology for ‘Sarpagandha’. (15M, 150W, CSE 2011)
Describe the medicinal importance of Indian aloes (Aloe vera) along with its production technology (20M, 200W, CSE 2009)
Elaborate the medicinal uses of ‘Ashwagandha’ (Withania somnifera). Describe briefly the scientific technology for ‘Ashwagandha’ production. (200W, 20M, CSE 2008)
Write about the principles and methods of preservation of fruits and vegetables and their products. (20M, 200W, CSE 1999)
Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition
Describe the role of under-utilized fruits and vegetables in human nutrition with suitable examples. (15M, IFoS-2022)
Describe the importance of fruit cultivation in India. Discuss the role of horticulture with respect to poverty alleviation and nutritional security. (15M, CSE 2021)
Explain the role of plant growth substances in the various developmental stages of a Plant with special reference to horticultural crops. (20M, CSE 2019)
Importance of carrot and guava in human nutrition. (8M, IFoS-2018)
Write on the role of fruits in human nutrition. (20M, 200W, CSE 2006)
Write the present status and expected prospects of vegetable crops cultivation in India (20M, 200W, CSE 2006)
Short note on the role of vegetables in human nutrition (20M, CSE 2003)
Explain the significance of vegetables in human nutrition with suitable examples (20M, CSE 2000)
Comment Role of vegetables in human nutrition (20M, CSE 1996)
How are the problems of growing vegetables different from problems of growing cereals and pulses? Discuss the role of Soybean and Vegetables in human nutrition. (CSE 1989)
